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The technical SEO checklist (crawl, index, structure)

Ranking starts before backlinks: Google has to crawl and understand your site first. A practical technical SEO checklist — sitemaps, robots, redirects, metadata, and structured data.

2 min read

There are two kinds of SEO problem: “we don’t rank for anything” and “Google won’t even crawl us properly.” Most small-business sites struggle with the second one and don’t know it. This is the checklist we run through on every free audit.

Phase 1: Can Google find you?

  • Sitemap.xml exists, lists your important pages, uses absolute URLs, and is referenced in robots.txt
  • robots.txt doesn’t block the pages you care about (a misplaced Disallow: hides your whole site)
  • Internal links — every important page is reachable from the homepage in a few clicks; orphan pages don’t index
  • Redirects — old URLs use 301s, not 302s; know the difference — see our redirects guide: 301 is permanent and passes ranking signals, 302 is temporary

Phase 2: Can Google read it?

  • One H1 per page, descriptive; logical H2/H3 structure
  • Unique titles and meta descriptions — no boilerplate
  • Fetch or render as Google does — if your content loads via JavaScript, make sure it’s present server-side
  • Images have descriptive alt text and aren’t the page’s only content
  • Canonical tags point each page to itself (or the correct preferred version)

Phase 3: Does it pass ranking signals?

  • HTTPS everywhere — see what an SSL certificate protects
  • Core Web Vitals in the green — LCP < 2.5s, INP < 200ms, CLS < 0.1 (we explain these here)
  • Mobile-friendly — responsive layout, no horizontal scrolling
  • Structured data — Organization, Article, FAQ, Product as appropriate, so rich results can appear

Phase 4: Keep it fresh

  • Draft pages removed or noindexed
  • Dead links cleaned up, redirects added
  • Structured data validated after site changes
  • Search Console errors reviewed monthly

How long does it take?

Crawlability fixes are fast — often a day or two of work. Ranking improvements then compound over weeks and months. Depth of content and authority take longer, but a site Google can’t crawl will never get there.

Start with a free audit — we’ll tell you whether you have a crawl problem or a content problem, because the fix is different in each case.

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